Tunisian · Appetizers · Condiment, dressing or rub

Harissa

Dried chillies rehydrated and pounded with garlic, caraway and coriander seed into a coarse red paste. Nothing like the smooth tube version, and the foundation of everything else here.

35 min prep and cooking plus 30 min soaking 1 hr 5 min start to finish Serves 12 servings Easy
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Harissa

Photograph credit: making tunisian harissa by Rusty Clark ~ 100K Photos · CC BY 2.0 · Flickr

Storing and Planning Ahead

Refrigerated under a film of oil for up to 4 days; top the oil up after each use. Raw garlic held in oil can carry botulism, which the oil seal does not stop, so for longer keeping freeze it in tablespoon portions, for up to a year.

Harissa, in preparation
Harissa, in preparation

Photograph credit: Tunisian cuisine at my house: Fish with onions, olives, and tomatoes, harissa with tuna,… by michaelseangallagher · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Flickr · this resized copy is shared under the same licence

Harissa: The Method

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  1. Stem and deseed all the chillies. Wear gloves for this — the hot ones will stay on your fingers for a day.

  2. Cover them with just-boiled water and soak 30 minutes, until completely soft and pliable.

  3. Toast the caraway, coriander and cumin seeds in a dry pan over medium heat for 2 minutes, until they smell warm and start to crackle. Grind to a powder.

  4. Drain the chillies and squeeze them hard in your hands until no more water comes out.

  5. Pound or blitz them with the garlic, ground spices, salt and vinegar to a coarse paste. It should stay slightly grainy, not become a purée.

  6. Work in 4 tbsp of the olive oil.

  7. Pack into a sterilised jar, level the surface and pour the remaining oil over the top to seal it. Refrigerate.

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A Few Pointers

  • Toast and grind the caraway yourself. This is the whole flavour.
  • Two kinds of chilli — mild for body, hot for heat.
  • Squeeze the chillies genuinely dry or it will not keep.

Behind the Recipe

Caraway is what makes harissa Tunisian rather than merely hot, and it has to be toasted whole and ground fresh — pre-ground caraway loses the anise note within weeks and leaves you with heat and not much else. The chillies matter almost as much: use a mild, meaty dried chilli for the body and a small number of hot ones for the heat, rather than a single fierce variety, or you get a paste that burns without tasting of anything. Squeeze them properly dry after soaking, since water in the jar shortens the keeping time drastically.

Good Alongside

Any dish in this volume · Bread and olive oil · Grilled fish

Ingredient Swaps

  • Dried chilli flakes can stand in for the red chillies. Heat varies a great deal between chillies and between jars, so start with a small pinch and add more to taste.
  • An eighth of a teaspoon of garlic powder per clove is the stand-in usually given when you are out of fresh garlic; it will not brown the same way, and it burns easily, so add it with the liquid.

Quick Answers

How long does Harissa take to make?

25 minutes of preparation and 10 minutes of cooking, plus 30 minutes of soaking, so allow 1 hour 5 minutes from start to finish. The recipe serves 12.

Harissa Nutrition Facts

Per serving, calculated from the ingredient list with USDA FoodData Central figures (SR Legacy). A calculation, not a laboratory analysis: brands, cuts and how you measure change the real numbers. How the figures are worked out.

89Calories
0gProtein
2gCarbs
9gFat
0gFibre
1gSugar
390mgSodium

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Compiled by Turab

Checked by script for timings, diet labels and nutrition arithmetic. How the recipes are checked. Found a mistake? Tell us.

First published ; last changed .