Lebanese · Appetizers

Toum

Garlic and oil beaten to a stiff white emulsion with nothing else in it but lemon and salt. No egg, no dairy — the garlic itself does the emulsifying, which is why it can split so spectacularly.

Not yet ratedThis recipe has no ratings yet 15 min hands on plus 1 hr chilling before serving Serves 12 servings Medium
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Toum — Lebanese appetizers recipe, served and ready to eat

Photograph credit: Toum by Charles Haynes · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Flickr · this resized copy is shared under the same licence

Ingredients and preparation for toum
Ingredients and preparation for toum

Photograph credit: Toum by Charles Haynes · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Flickr · this resized copy is shared under the same licence

Method

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  1. Blitz the garlic and salt in a tall narrow food processor to a fine paste, stopping twice to scrape down the sides. Every piece must be broken.

  2. Add 1 tbsp of the lemon juice and blitz again to a smooth, pale slurry.

  3. With the motor running, add the oil in the thinnest thread you can manage. For the first 150 ml this should feel absurdly slow.

  4. Once it has visibly thickened and turned white, alternate: a tablespoon of lemon or ice water, then more oil, keeping the thread thin.

  5. Continue until all the oil is in and the sauce stands up in stiff peaks like a meringue.

  6. Scrape into a jar and refrigerate at least 60 minutes before serving; the raw heat softens considerably as it sits.

Chef’s Tips

  • Remove the green germ from every clove or the sauce turns bitter.
  • A thin thread of oil. Rushing the first cup is what splits it.
  • If it splits, start over with one clove and add the broken sauce as if it were oil.

Common Substitutions & Variations

  • An eighth of a teaspoon of garlic powder per clove is the usual stand-in when you are out of fresh garlic — it will not caramelise the same way, but it carries the flavour.

Pairing Suggestions

  • Grilled chicken
  • Arayes
  • Batata harra

Storage & Reheating

Refrigerated in a sealed jar for 3 weeks. It mellows over the first few days. Do not freeze — it separates.

Common questions

How long does Toum take to make?

About 15 minutes of hands-on work — 15 minutes of preparation and of cooking — plus 1 hour of chilling before serving, so allow 1 hour 15 minutes from start to finish. The recipe serves 12.

What are the key tips for making Toum?

Remove the green germ from every clove or the sauce turns bitter. A thin thread of oil. Rushing the first cup is what splits it. If it splits, start over with one clove and add the broken sauce as if it were oil.

What should I serve with Toum?

Grilled chicken; Arayes; Batata harra.

Can Toum be made ahead or frozen?

Refrigerated in a sealed jar for 3 weeks. It mellows over the first few days. Do not freeze — it separates.

Is Toum suitable for a special diet?

This recipe is vegan, vegetarian, gluten-free, dairy-free, low-carb, keto and no added sugar. Those labels are checked against the ingredient list, so a dish is only marked when nothing in it contradicts the claim.

How many calories are in Toum?

About 190 kcal per serving, with 1 g protein, 3 g carbohydrate and 20 g fat. The figures are calculated from the ingredient list and are an estimate.

Nutritional Highlights

Per serving, calculated from the ingredient list. Treat these as an estimate — brands and cuts vary.

190Calories
1gProtein
3gCarbs
20gFat
0gFibre
0gSugar
100mgSodium

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Written and tested by Turab

One person, one kitchen — no test kitchen, no team. How every recipe on this site is checked before it goes up.